That puppy-dog stare as you head out the door. The way your cat seems to have exhausted all possible entertainment from their feather toys. The mounting guilt as you scroll through PetFinder. If you've found yourself Googling "should I get a second dog" or "do cats need siblings" at 2 AM, you're not alone in wondering if your soulful sidekick needs a companion as much as they need you.

But before you dive headfirst into double the food bills and fur tumbleweeds, let's explore what science actually tells us about multi-pet households—because your pet can’t tell you directly if they're secretly longing for a sibling.

Do dogs and cats need siblings?

When looking at the evidence we have thus far, here's what we know to be the truth: Most pets don't necessarily need siblings. Dogs and cats aren't tiny humans in fur coats who'll wither away from loneliness without a same-species playmate. Many actually thrive as only pets, basking in your undivided attention and resources.

The idea that dogs and cats universally benefit from having another animal in the household may be a projection of human social needs. Dogs and cats are individuals, which means there really is no single universal truth that we can apply to them.

According to Noah Snyder-Mackler, associate professor at Arizona State University, “not all domestic dogs are necessarily better off or happier with other dogs.” Mackler's recent study, published in the journal Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, found that while companionship from both adult humans and other dogs showed positive influence on canine wellbeing, human companionship is typically considered more important. That's because many dogs (and cats) may actually experience increased anxiety or territorialism when exposed to other animals.

So, despite what those heart-melting TikToks of cuddling kittens might suggest, your adult cat who's been solo for years might view a new "sibling" less as a blessing and more as an unwelcome roommate who keeps using their bathroom.

Figo's 2024 Pet Parent Survey revealed rising levels of reactivity in pets, with many pet parents turning to professional trainers for guidance. It’s a surprisingly common issue, with research from EnviroLiteracy finding that “a significant 75% of dog owners report that their dogs show at least some signs of reactivity.” For these animals, forcing exposure and contact with others could worsen anxious behaviors, pushing them over threshold and potentially triggering defensive responses.

Social companionship? Extremely important. But the idea that it must come from other animals simply isn't always the case. Pets are individuals—whether they're social butterflies making rounds at the dog park or loners who prefer human-only company—and it's our responsibility as guardians to consider their unique temperament and preferences before adding a new family member to the mix.

How to know if your pet actually wants a sibling

Before expanding your pack, consider these evidence-based signals that your pet might genuinely benefit from a companion:

For dogs:

Will getting a second dog help with separation anxiety?

For dogs that struggle with separation anxiety—those displaying anxiety-related distressed behaviors when left alone—a commonly promoted "cure" is adding another dog to the household. It seems logical: if your solo dog suffers from loneliness, a second pet will help them feel less alone, right?

Contrary to this widespread belief, research tells a different story. Studies have shown that adding a second dog may actually intensify behaviors related to separation anxiety rather than alleviate them. Researchers observed that physical activity was actually higher in multi-dog households, and male dogs living with canine companions were more likely to bark and vocalize than those in single-dog households.

Their conclusion? "Since dogs under single-dog conditions show more resting and less vocalizations, we could not support the view that familiar conspecifics could facilitate coping with separation stress. Although further research is needed, our data suggest rather the opposite."

In other words, that second dog might be less of an emotional support animal and more of an anxiety-amplifying partner in crime. Before adopting a second dog as a "solution," consider working with a veterinary behaviorist on training protocols specifically designed for separation anxiety.

That said, some situations where a canine companion might be beneficial include: 

• High energy levels that even your twice-daily walks can't seem to deplete. Particularly for young, working breeds like Border Collies or Australian Shepherds, a playmate may help provide stimulation that human interaction alone can't satisfy. 

• Social butterfly tendencies. If your dog consistently shows positive, balanced play behavior with other dogs and actively seeks interaction at dog parks, they may be a good candidate for a canine sibling. 

• You have a pro-social senior dog. For senior dogs who enjoy the companionship of other pets, getting a younger dog may benefit them. Many pet parents report witnessing their older dog become more active, mentally sharper, and possibly even live longer with a spritelier companion. Just keep in mind, aging pets can experience increased anxiety that a rambunctious pup could exacerbate. 

For cats: 

• Age matters. Kittens under one year often adapt beautifully to new feline friends, particularly if they’re littermates. Adult cats who have been solo for years? They might permanently question your judgment. 

• Playful, endless energy. If your cat frequently runs circles around you or practices their parkour skills all day long, they might be redirecting energy that could be channeled toward another cat. If your call is outgoing and pro-social to other felines, you may want to try introducing a second, energetic cat. 

• Demonstrated comfort with other cats. A cat who's lived harmoniously with felines before or who shows curiosity rather than aggression toward neighborhood cats may adapt better to a new addition. 

The longevity question: Do pets live longer with siblings?

The clickbait headlines suggesting pets with companions live dramatically longer lives deserve some scrutiny. The research has historically been limited—there simply haven't been many comprehensive studies of lifespan in multi-pet households.

However, emerging research is beginning to suggest that the social connection between dogs may actually benefit their longevity more than we previously understood.

A groundbreaking study from the Dog Aging Project—which collected data on over 21,000 dogs—found that regular social interaction with other dogs significantly improves canine health outcomes. In fact, researchers discovered that socialization had approximately five times greater positive impact on a dog's health than their family's financial situation.

"This does show that, even for our companion dogs, having those strong social connections and social companions is important," explains Brianah McCoy, Ph.D. candidate at Arizona State University and one of the study's lead authors. "Overall, it's good for your dog to have social support around, in the form of other people and other dogs. Dogs are social animals just like us, so they benefit from being around others."

Perhaps most surprisingly, the study showed that dogs living with children showed poorer health outcomes, possibly because parents understandably prioritized childcare over dog time. (No judgment here—just a reality check for those of us balancing multiple dependent beings.)

For cats, the research remains more ambiguous. While some studies suggest pair-bonded cats display fewer stress behaviors in certain contexts, there's less conclusive evidence that having a feline companion significantly extends lifespan.

What does this mean for you, the pet parent debating a second adoption? You have options. While having another dog in the home appears beneficial for some, the researchers emphasize that social needs can also be met through regular playdates, doggy daycare, or participation in dog sports and other social activities with humans.

The key takeaway isn't necessarily "get another dog immediately" but rather make sure your dog has regular, positive social connections with other beings. Whether that means a permanent canine sibling or just socializing with their human pack is ultimately up to you—and your existing pet's temperament.

The most significant factor in pet longevity? Quality veterinary care, appropriate nutrition, and mental stimulation—all of which can be provided whether your pet is an only child or part of a menagerie.

Things I wish I knew before getting a second dog

When redditor ComfortableEqual8207 added a puppy to her household, she didn't mince words: "We already have a 1.5-year-old dog at home and decided to get an 8-week-old puppy... They get along fine but yesterday night, I was talking with my sister and we both feel regret for getting a new dog... I am feeling so sorry for our older dog that he doesn’t get all the attention now, sad, stressed, regret, and am just thinking if I didn’t think this through enough."

Like the puppy blues, it can be common to have feelings of guilt and regret soon after bringing home a second dog. Does that necessarily mean that 2+ dog households are doomed to fail? Not at all!

For the most seamless transition, here's what experienced trainers and animal behaviorists want you to know: 

• Training regression is normal. Even your perfectly house-trained first dog might suddenly "forget" basic commands or have accidents when a new dog arrives. This isn't spite—it’s more likely stress or confusion from a changing routine. 

• The 3-3-3 rule applies to existing pets too. Just as your new dog needs time to decompress (3 days to adjust, 3 weeks to learn routines, 3 months to feel at home), your resident dog needs adjustment time as well. 

• Financial costs will multiply. Beyond the obvious food and veterinary care, consider that finding pet-friendly housing or travel arrangements becomes exponentially more challenging with multiple pets. 

• Resource guarding can emerge in previously "perfect" dogs. Even dogs who've never shown aggression may become protective of toys, food, or your attention when a new sibling arrives. This is normal and working with a certified trainer can help smooth the transition. 

• Slow and steady wins the race. The best way to ensure a harmonious union between two pets is to give them time and space to adjust to their new surroundings and companion. Ending every interaction on a positive note and keeping greetings short until all parties are comfortable can be key to preventing any negative feelings down the road. 

• You may be able to get a discount on pet insurance. Many providers offer perks for policyholders who insure two or more pets. Figo members receive a 5% multi-pet discount for protecting more than one companion. 

The internet is filled with stories about second-dog disasters, but let's not overlook the sunshine breaking through those storm clouds. With patience and proper introductions, many multi-dog households evolve into harmonious packs where everyone—humans included—thrives in newfound dynamics.

“After a slow 8 week transition, they're just like sisters, and play independently for hours,” shares Redditor Callix. “Even better, the first dog basically trained the second one for me, just by her mimicking.”

The reality of getting a second cat

Cat introductions sometimes require even more patience than dog introductions. Cat behaviorist Jackson Galaxy’s recommendation for proper cat introductions often spans weeks or even months—a timeline many enthusiastic new pet parents drastically underestimate.

"The problem is that people see some adult cats snuggling with their besties and assume that if they get a second cat that's what will happen. You'll probably get some people in here insisting that cats need other cats around, but we also get a lot of posts from people who have got a second cat and it's been a total disaster,” shares Redditor neddythestylish. “This is why you should make this choice based on what you want, not because you think your cat needs a friend. There are ways to maximize the likelihood that they'll get along well enough to live together, but you have no control over whether or not they actually like each other.”

If you’re about to begin the process of bringing a second feline friend home, here are a few realities to consider: 

• Vertical space becomes essential. Multiple cats need escape routes and territory options that don't create conflict. 

• Litter box math changes. The standard recommendation shifts from "number of cats plus one" to potentially one box per cat in separate locations. 

• Personality matching matters tremendously. Energy levels, age, and temperament compatibility are far more important than breed or appearance when selecting a second cat. 

• You may be able to get a discount on pet insurance. Similar to multi-dog households, many providers discount premiums for policyholders who insure two or more pets. Figo members receive a 5% multi-pet discount for protecting more than one companion – whether the combo includes two dogs, two cats, or multiples of each doesn’t matter. 

All of this may feel daunting, but don’t let these considerations scare you out of getting a second cat if you truly think it’s in the best interest of both you and your current kitty.

On getting a cat sibling, Redditor Gimme_Danger47 said it was the “best thing I ever did for my first cat. Really made his longing for companionship apparent when we introduced #2. I actually felt terrible I hadn’t done it sooner. They are so happy together now.”

Time to decide: Should you get a second pet?

Before heading to that adoption event, honestly assess: 

1. Your motivation. Are you getting another pet primarily for your existing pet, or because you want another animal? Only one of these reasons is valid (hint: it's the second one). 

2. Your resources. Time, space, finances, and emotional bandwidth all need to stretch to accommodate another pet's needs. 

3. Your existing pet's true temperament. Not who you wish they were or who they are on their best day, but their consistent behavioral patterns. 

4. Your living situation. Rentals, space constraints, and future plans should all factor into this long-term commitment. 

If you've thoughtfully considered these factors and still want to proceed, congratulations—you're already ahead of many impulsive second-pet adopters.

The companionship compromise

For those not ready to commit to a second pet but concerned about their soulful sidekick's social needs, consider these evidence-backed alternatives: 

• Scheduled playdates with compatible pets whose owners you trust 

• Interactive toys that provide mental stimulation during alone time 

• Doggy daycare (for appropriately socialized dogs) a few days weekly 

• Pet sitters who visit midday for interaction and exercise 

• Training and enrichment activities that strengthen your bond 

Remember that for many pets, quality human interaction trumps quantity of animal companions. Your focused attention during play sessions or training often provides more satisfaction than the constant presence of another animal who might compete for resources and attention.

The final verdict

Does your pet need a sibling? Probably not. Might they enjoy one under the right circumstances? For sure. Is getting a second pet a significant commitment that should be made primarily because you want another animal in your life? Absolutely!

The most honest answer to "should I get a second dog/cat" lies not in universal rules but in the specific context of your household, resources, and the individual temperament of your existing pet. By considering these factors compassionately and realistically, you'll make a decision that serves the well-being of all creatures involved—including the human who'll be managing the multi-pet dynamics.

Lizz Caputo is the Manager of Content Strategy at Figo, animal enthusiast, and owner of a rescued senior American Bully. Her hobbies include checking out new restaurants in her area, boxing, and petting dogs of all shapes and sizes.